Value of computer networks to a business
When computers first started to be used in business it was assumed that an organisation would have one giant supercomputer that every user was connected to. This supercomputer would do all the processing and produce all the output, but would be accessed from lots of different locations through terminals.
Then along came the IBM Personal Computer which revolutionised computing because it allowed the user to have their own processing centre and their own data storage, right at their desk.The user had much more control over the configuration and use of the computer. This distribution of computing power meant that the organisation gained productivity of individual employees, but it lost control of data and processing. Time saved was offset against time lost, as each computer user set up their own copies of common files such as directories and to do lists.
The computer network, which links together all of these separate PCs in a business, brings the best of both worlds. The organisation still has a giant supercomputer at its disposal – but it is not represented by a single machine. The supercomputer is the combined power of all the individual machines linked together. The organisation also has more control, as the network allows implementation of systems and process which monitor and control workflow and reduce duplication of data.
A network also allows for shared use of resources, such as printers and scanners. A single printer can serve an entire department, as the network allows multiple users to print to it. Software can also be shared in this way, and many applications are now designed for network use. A good example of this is security software, to prevent computers becoming infected with viruses. Rather than installing this software on every PC, the application can be installed on the network which benefits all PC users.
Another value of the network is improved communication between staff. Twenty years ago it was common for large organisations to circulate paper memos as a way of exchanging information between departments or individuals, who might work at different geographical locations. Today this communcation can take place vie email, the exchange of data files such as spreadsheets or design drawings, or even via instant messaging tools such as MSN.
Networks used to rely on cables to connect the individual computers to one another, and to the central computers or servers. But in recent years networks have broken free of this dependance on a physical link. The Internet has for while allowed computers to talk to one another through a common network, accessed via the telephone line. More recently still wireless technology has allowed computers to communicate through radio communication. This frees workers from the desk and they can move around the office with a laptop or other handheld computer and still remain in touch with the network. They can even go out from the office, and cross continents, without losing contact.
The computer network has brought many benefits to business.
